UNITED STATES
SECURITIES ANDEXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.20549
FORM
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
or
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from ________ to________
Commission File Number
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified inIts Charter)
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, includingarea code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months(or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registranthas submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrantis a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth companyin Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company | |
| Emerging growth Company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accountingstandards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrantis a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒
As of August 7, 2025, there were shares of common stock outstanding.
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in thousands, except share and parvalue amounts)
(Unaudited)
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest receivable from related parties | ||||||||
| Receivable from related parties | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Notes receivable from related parties | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Equity | ||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value, shares authorized; shares issued and shares outstanding. | ||||||||
| Treasury stock at cost, shares. | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part ofthese consolidated financial statements.
3
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative (including $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Advisory fee to related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Net operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income from related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Earnings per share - basic and diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share | ||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part ofthese consolidated financial statements.
4
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Common Stock | Treasury | Paid-in | Retained | Total Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, April 1, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, April 1, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common shares | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part ofthese consolidated financial statements.
5
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash Flow From Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accrued interest on related party notes receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Related party receivables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||
| Cash Flow From Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Repurchase of common shares | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part ofthese consolidated financial statements.
6
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
NOTESTO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share and square foot amounts)
(Unaudited)
Income Opportunity Investors, Inc. (the “Company”)is an externally managed company that currently holds investments in mortgage notes receivables. As used herein, the terms “IOR”,“the Company”, “We”, “Our”, or “Us” refer to the Company.
Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc. (“TCI”),whose common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “TCI”, owned approximately
Our business is managed by Pillar Income AssetManagement, Inc. (“Pillar”) in accordance with an Advisory Agreement that is reviewed annually by our Board of Directors.Pillar is considered to be a related party (See Note 4 – Related Party Transactions).
Pillar’s duties include, but are not limitedto, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities. Pillar also arranges our debtand equity financing with third party lenders and investors.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financialstatements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information andfootnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, althoughmanagement believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management,all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring matters) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.
The consolidated balance sheet at December 31,2024 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosuresrequired by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notesthereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
We consolidate entities in which we are consideredto be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or have a majority of the voting interest of the entity.We have determined that we are a primary beneficiary of the VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that mostsignificantly impacts its economic performance, and (ii) the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that couldpotentially be significant to the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider qualitative and quantitativefactors, including ownership interest, management representation, ability to control decision and other contractual rights.
We account for entities in which we have lessthan a controlling financial interest or entities where we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary under the equity method of accounting.Accordingly, we include our share of the net earnings or losses of these entities in our results of operations.
We have a note receivable issued by Unified HousingFoundation, Inc. (“UHF”) that bears interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) in effect on the lastday of the preceding calendar quarter and matures on
UHF is determined to be a related party due toour significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the note receivable. Principal and interest payments on thenote are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying property and are cross collateralized tothe extent that any surplus cash is available from any other property owned by UHF.
7
INCOMEOPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share and square footamounts)
(Unaudited)
We engage in certain business transactions withrelated parties, including investment in notes receivables. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried outon at arm’s length basis due to the absence of free market forces that naturally exist in business dealings between two or moreunrelated entities. Related party transactions may not always be favorable to our business and may include terms, conditions and agreementsthat are not necessarily beneficial to or in our best interest.
Pillar is a wholly owned subsidiary of the MayRealty Holdings, Inc., which owns approximately
Advisory fees paid to Pillar were $
Our note receivable is held by UHF (See Note 3– Notes Receivable). UHF is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateralsecured by the notes receivable. Interest income on these notes was $
Receivablesfrom related parties were $
We have a stock repurchase program that allowsfor the repurchase of up to shares of our common stock. This repurchase program has no termination date. During the six monthsended June 30, 2024, we repurchased a total of shares in several block transactions for a total of $
As of June 30, 2025, there are sharesremaining that can be repurchased.
We believe that we will generate excess cash fromproperty operations in the next twelve months; such excess, however, might not be sufficient to discharge all of our obligations as theybecome due.
The date to which events occurring after June 30,2025, the date of the most recent balance sheet, have been evaluated for possible adjustment to the consolidated financial statementsor disclosure is August 7, 2025, which is the date on which the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.
8
| ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion and analysis by managementshould be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in this Quarterly Reporton Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) and in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”).
This Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-lookingstatements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, principally, but not only, under the caption “Management’sDiscussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. We caution investors that any forward-looking statementsin this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptionsmade by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”,“intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “estimate”, “project”, “should”,“will”, “result” and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identifyforward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance,which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more ofthese risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from thoseanticipated, estimated, or projected. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we makethem, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements.We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future eventsor otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results andtrends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
| • | Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from thoseexpressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: |
| • | risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments; |
| • | failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets or to integrate acquisitions successfully; |
| • | risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, increases in interest rates and volatility in the securitiesmarkets; |
| • | potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination; and |
| • | risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed. |
The risks included here are not exhaustive. Some of the risks and uncertaintiesthat may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-lookingstatements, include among others, the factors listed and described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’sAnnual Report on Form 10-K, which investors should review. There have been no changes from the risk factors previously described in theCompany’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Management’s Overview
We are an externally advised and managed companythat invests in notes receivable that are collateralized by income-producing properties in the Southern United States and in the past,real property. Our current principal source of income is interest income from related party receivables.
We have historically engaged in and may continueto engage in certain business transactions with related parties, including but not limited to asset acquisition, dispositions and financings.Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s length basis due to the absence of freemarket forces that naturally exist in business dealings between two or more unrelated entities. Related party transactions may not alwaysbe favorable to our business and may include terms, conditions and agreements that are not necessarily beneficial to or in our best interest.
Our operations are managed by Pillar in accordancewith an Advisory Agreement. Pillar’s duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending investment opportunities.We have no employees. Employees of Pillar render services to us in accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreement. Pillar is consideredto be a related party due to its common ownership with TCI, who is our controlling shareholder.
9
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our consolidated financialstatements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilitiesat the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual resultscould differ from those estimates.
Some of these estimates and assumptions includejudgments on the provisions for uncollectible accounts and fair value measurements. Our significant accounting policies are describedin more detail in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our notes to the consolidated financial statements. However,the following policies are deemed to be critical.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We apply the guidance in ASC Topic 820, “FairValue Measurements and Disclosures”, to the valuation of real estate assets. These provisions define fair value as the price thatwould be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurementdate, establish a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates and require disclosure of fair valuemeasurements by level within the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable data (Level 3 measurements), such as the reporting entity’s own data.
The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparencyof inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date and includes three levels defined as follows:
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices for identicaland unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – Quoted prices forsimilar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly,for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are significantto the fair value measurement.
A financial instrument’s categorizationwithin the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Related Parties
We apply ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations”,to evaluate business relationships. Related parties are persons or entities who have one or more of the following characteristics, whichinclude entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, trust for the benefit of persons including principalowners of the entities and members of their immediate families, management personnel of the entity and members of their immediate familiesand other parties with which the entity may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the decision making of the otherto an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing our own separate interests, or affiliates of theentity.
Results of Operations
The following discussion is based on our ConsolidatedFinancial Statements Consolidated Statement of Operations, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and is not meantto be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our net income applicable to common shares. Instead, we have focused on significantfluctuations within our operations that we feel are relevant to obtain an overall understanding of the change in income applicable tocommon shareholders.
Our operating expenses consist primarily of generaland administrative costs such as audit, legal and administrative fees paid to a related party.
We also have other income and expense items includinginterest income from notes receivable and funds deposited with Pillar.
10
Comparison of the three months ended June 30,2025 to the three months ended June 30, 2024:
The decreasein net income is primarily due to a decrease in interest income from related party receivables.
Comparison of the six months ended June 30,2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:
The decreasein net income is primarily due to a decrease in interest income from related party receivables.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal liquidity needs are to fund normalrecurring expenses. Our principal sources of cash are and will continue to be the collection of mortgage notes receivables, and the collectionsof receivables and interests from related companies.
We anticipate that our cash and cash equivalentsas of June 30, 2025, along with cash that will be generated in the next twelve monthsfrom our related party receivables, will be sufficient to meet all of our current cash requirements.
| ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS |
Optional and not included.
| ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Based on an evaluation by our management (withthe participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report,our Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e)and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), were effective to provide reasonableassurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicatedto our management, including our Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
There has been no change in our internal controlover financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected,or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
| ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
None
| ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
There have been no material changes from the riskfactors previously disclosed in the 2024 10-K. For a discussion on these risk factors, please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors”contained in the 2024 10-K.
| ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
We havea program that allows for the repurchase of up to 1,650,000 shares of our common stock. Thisrepurchase program has no termination date. There were no shares purchased under this programduring the six months ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, 1,136,997 shareshave been purchased and 513,003 shares may be purchased under the program.
| ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None
| ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
Not applicable
| ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None
11
| ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
The following exhibits are filed with this reportor incorporated by reference as indicated;
| 3.1 | By-laws of Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on December 30, 1999). |
| 4.1 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Relative Participating or Optional or Other Special Rights, and Qualifications, Limitations or Restrictions Thereof of Series F Redeemable Preferred Stock of Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc., dated June 11, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 4.2 | Certificate of Withdrawal of Preferred Stock, Decreasing the Number of Authorized Shares of and Eliminating Series F Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated June 18, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.0 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
| 4.3 | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of the Series I Cumulative Preferred Stock of Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc., dated February 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
| 4.4 | Certificate of Designation for Nevada Profit Corporations designating the Series J 8% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on March 16, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Registrant current report on Form 8-K for event of March 16, 2006). |
| 31.1 * | Section 302 Certification by Erik L. Johnson, Chief Executive Officer. |
| 31.2 * | Section 302 Certification by Alla Dzyuba, Chief Accounting Officer. |
| 32.1 * | Section 906 Certifications of Erik L. Johnson and Alla Dzyuba. |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
* Filed herewith.
12
SIGNATURE PAGE
Pursuant to the requirements of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS, INC. | ||
| Date: August 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ ERIK L. JOHNSON |
| Erik L. Johnson | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
13
Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. 10-Q
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Erik L. Johnson, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit tostate a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, notmisleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for,the period presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officers(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintainingdisclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures tobe designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financialreporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and thepreparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presentedin this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period coveredby this report based on such evaluations; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in the report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reportingthat occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of anannual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officers(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluationof internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s boardof directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control overfinancial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and reportfinancial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significantrole in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Dated: August 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ ERIK L. JOHNSON |
| Erik L. Johnson | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. 10-Q
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Alla Dzyuba, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit tostate a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, notmisleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for,the period presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officers(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintainingdisclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures tobe designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financialreporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and thepreparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presentedin this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period coveredby this report based on such evaluations; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in the report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reportingthat occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of anannual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officers(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluationof internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s boardof directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control overfinancial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and reportfinancial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significantrole in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Dated: August 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ ALLA DZYUBA |
| Alla Dzyuba | ||
| Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer |
Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. 10-Q
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
The undersigned officer ofIncome Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies that:
| (i) | The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2025 fullycomplies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and |
| (ii) | The information contained in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months endedJune 30, 2025 fairly presents in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company, at andfor the period indicated. |
| Dated: August 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ ERIK L. JOHNSON |
| Erik L. Johnson | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| /s/ ALLA DZYUBA | ||
| Alla Dzyuba | ||
| Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer |