UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGECOMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGNPRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16OR 15d-16 UNDER THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGEACT OF 1934

For the month of August 2025

Commission File Number:001-39127

Canaan Inc.

28 Ayer Rajah Crescent

#06-08

Singapore 139959

(Address of principalexecutive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrantfiles or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F x            Form 40-F¨

On August 14, 2025, Canaan Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing the Company’s financial results andbusiness updates for the second quarter ended June 30, 2025.

Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 6-K (excluding the statements set forth under thesection headed “Business Outlook” contained in Exhibit 99.1) is hereby incorporated by reference into the Company’sRegistration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-285125).

EXHIBITS

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirementsof the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereuntoduly authorized.

Date: August 14, 2025

Exhibit 99.1

Canaan Inc. Reports Unaudited Second Quarter2025 Financial Results

Total revenues of US$100.2 million exceededguidance, up 39.5% YoY

Bitcoin mining revenues reached an all-timehigh of US$28.1 million, up 201.6% YoY

Bitcoin treasury¹ climbed to a milestoneof 1,511 as of July-end 2025

Singapore, August 14, 2025 /PRNewswire/ --Canaan Inc. (NASDAQ: CAN) (“Canaan” or the “Company”), an innovator in crypto mining, today announced its unauditedfinancial results for the three months ended June 30, 2025, reporting robust revenue growth, record-high mining output, and a milestoneexpansion of its bitcoin treasury.

Second Quarter 2025 Operating and FinancialHighlights

The Company posted record unaudited results forthe three months ended June 30, 2025, its strongest performance in the past ten quarters, driven by the increasingly diversifiedrevenue streams, resilient execution, and robust mining deployment.

Total revenues reached US$100.2 million,exceeding the Company’s previous guidance and representing a 39.5% year-over-year increase, underscoring accelerated growth momentum.

Total computing power sold was 6.4 millionTerahash per second (TH/s), a 16.5% sequential increase and a 3.0% year-over-year rise, reflecting diversified market penetration despitetariff headwinds.

Mining revenue hit an all-time high ofUS$28.1 million, up 201.6% year-over-year, with 284 bitcoins mined at an average revenue of US$98,866 per bitcoin.

Gross profit surged to US$9.3 million,a turnaround from a gross loss of US$19.1 million in the same period last year.

Bitcoin treasury expanded to 1,483.5 bitcoinsby quarter-end and further to 1,511 bitcoins by July-end 2025, marking a strategic milestone in the Company’s long-term accumulationmodel.

Nangeng Zhang, chairman, and chief executive officerof Canaan, commented, “In the second quarter, our team delivered strong results amid evolving macro headwinds and geopolitical pressures.We exceeded expectations with total revenues of US$100.2 million, driven by proactive market expansion and solid execution. Despite increasedtariff challenges, we diversified our sales footprint and achieved 6.4 million TH/s in total computing power sold, up 16.5% sequentially.Our mining operations also advanced steadily, reaching 8.15 EH/s in installed capacity across nine global sites while maintaining a competitivepower cost of US$0.045/kWh. Enhanced deployment of our A15 series in the U.S. improved fleet efficiency, enabling us to mine 284 bitcoinsduring the quarter and further driving our bitcoin treasury to a strategic milestone of 1,511 by July-end, marking a new record.

“These achievements are underpinned byour unique vertically integrated model, spanning in-house ASIC design and diversified manufacturing, global self-mining operations, anddisciplined bitcoin treasury management. This structure lowers our bitcoin acquisition costs, mitigates operational risks, and preservesstrategic flexibility throughout market cycles. With localized production now running in the U.S., alongside our facilities in Malaysiaand East Asia, we have fortified supply agility and regional resilience, winning recurring orders from top-tier U.S. miners in this quarter,including Cipher Mining Inc. and Cleanspark. Supported by policy tailwinds such as the GENIUS Act, we are well-positioned for sustainedgrowth, committed to advancing the bitcoin ecosystem with innovative computing solutions, expanding our mining footprint, and deliveringvalue to miners and shareholders worldwide.”

Note 1: Defined as the total number of bitcoins owned by the Companyon its Balance Sheet including any bitcoins receivable, excluding bitcoins that the Company has received as customer deposits.

Jin “James” Cheng, chief financialofficer of Canaan, stated, “We delivered solid sequential and year-over-year improvement in the second quarter, reflecting our team’sfocus on execution and disciplined operations. Product sales revenue reached US$71.9 million, supported by higher average selling priceswith continued mass delivery of advanced A15 series, and a 16.5% increase in computing power sold. Our mining business posted its bestquarterly result on record, generating US$28.1 million in revenue, driven by our expanded hashrate installed and enhanced mining efficiency.These topline gains demonstrate our ability to seize market opportunities despite a complex external environment.

“Meanwhile, we made progress toward sustainablegrowth and enhanced financial health. Our profitability exhibited robust growth both sequentially and year-over-year. Our balance sheetremains flexible and strategically positioned, supported by growing bitcoin assets. Looking ahead, we remain focused on prudent capitalallocation, agile capacity deployment, and disciplined treasury management, aiming to drive returns from both mining machine sales andmining operations. We will continue adapting to market changes with rigor while reinforcing long-term financial resilience and strategicreadiness.”

Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results

Total revenues in the second quarter of2025 were US$100.2 million, as compared to US$82.8 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$71.9 million in the same period of 2024.Total revenues consisted of US$71.9 million in products revenue, US$28.1 million in mining revenue and US$0.2 million in other revenues.

Products revenue in the second quarterof 2025 was US$71.9 million, compared to US$58.3 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$61.8 million in the same period of 2024.The sequential and year-over-year increases were mainly driven by the increased computing power sold and increased average selling price.

Mining revenue in the second quarter of2025 was US$28.1 million, compared to US$24.3 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$9.3 million in the same period of 2024. Thesequential and year-over-year increases were mainly attributable to an increase in energized mining computing power and an increase inthe bitcoin price.

Cost of revenues in the second quarterof 2025 was US$90.9 million, compared to US$82.1 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$91.0 million in the same period of 2024.

Products costs in the second quarter of2025 were US$58.8 million, compared to US$59.2 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$79.7 million in the same period of 2024. Productscosts remained relatively flat sequentially. The year-over-year decrease was mainly attributable to decreased inventory write-down. Theinventory write-down for this quarter was US$1.0 million, compared to the inventory write-down amounting to US$2.5 million for the firstquarter of 2025 and US$17.3 million for the same period of 2024. Products costs consist of direct production costs of mining machines,and indirect costs related to production, as well as inventory write-down.

Mining costs in the second quarter of 2025were US$32.0 million, compared to US$22.9 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$11.0 million in the same period of 2024. Miningcosts herein consist of direct production costs of mining operations, including electricity and hosting, as well as depreciation of deployedmining machines. The sequential and year-over-year increases were mainly due to the increase in deployed computing power for the Company'smining operations. The depreciation in this quarter for deployed mining machines was US$10.5 million, compared to US$6.2 million in thefirst quarter of 2025 and US$4.8 million in the same period of 2024.

Gross profit in the second quarter of 2025was US$9.3 million, compared to a gross profit of US$646 thousand in the first quarter of 2025 and a gross loss of US$19.1 million inthe same period of 2024.

Total operating expenses in the secondquarter of 2025 were US$36.4 million, compared to US$38.3 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$27.5 million in the same periodof 2024.

Research and development expenses in the secondquarter of 2025 were US$16.4 million, compared to US$18.9 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$14.6 million in the same periodof 2024. The sequential decrease was mainly due to a decrease of US$2.3 million in the direct expenditure on the research activities. Theyear-over-year increase was mainly due to an increase of US$2.2 million in staff costs. Research and development expenses inthe second quarter of 2025 also included share-based compensation expenses of US$1.4 million.

Sales and marketing expenses in the second quarterof 2025 were US$4.5 million, compared to US$2.9 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$1.6 million in the same period of 2024. Thesequential and year-over-year increase was mainly due to an increase in staff costs. Sales and marketing expenses in the second quarterof 2025 also included share-based compensation expenses of US$59 thousand.

General and administrative expenses in the secondquarter of 2025 were US$16.4 million, compared to US$16.9 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$14.0 million in the same periodof 2024. General and administrative expenses remained relatively flat sequentially. The year-over-year increase was mainly due to an increaseof US$1.6 million in staff costs. General and administrative expenses in the second quarter of 2025 also included share-based compensationexpenses of US$4.7 million.

Impairment on property, equipment and softwarein the second quarter of 2025 was nil, compared to nil in the first quarter of 2025 and US$0.8 million in the same period of 2024.

Loss from operations in the second quarterof 2025 was US$27.1 million, compared to US$37.6 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$46.6 million in the same period of 2024.

Change in fair value of cryptocurrency andChange in fair value of financial derivative in the second quarter of 2025 were a gain of US$10.6 million and a gain of US$23.4million, respectively, compared to a loss of US$2.3 million and a loss of US$14.1 million in the first quarter of 2025, respectively.The increases were mainly due to the increased bitcoin price on June 30, 2025, compared to the bitcoin price on March 31, 2025.

Change in fair value of financial instrumentsother than derivatives in the second quarter of 2025 was a loss of US$17.5 million, compared to a loss of US$4.4 million inthe first quarter of 2025 and a loss of US$0.2 million in the same period of 2024, which was mainly due to the changes in fairvalue of Series A and Series A-1 convertible preferred shares.

Excess of fair value of Convertible PreferredShares in the second quarter of 2025 was nil, compared to US$28.2 million in the first quarter of 2025 and nil in the same periodof 2024.

Foreign exchange gains, net in the secondquarter of 2025 were US$0.3 million, compared with a gain of US$0.8 million in the first quarter of 2025 and a gain of US$11.4 millionin the same period of 2024, respectively.

Loss before income tax expense in thesecond quarter of 2025 was US$10.3 million, compared to US$85.7 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$43.8 million inthe same period of 2024.

Net loss in the second quarter of 2025was US$11.1 million, compared to US$86.4 million in the first quarter of 2025 and US$41.9 million in the same period of 2024.

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA in the secondquarter of 2025 was a gain of US$25.3 million, as compared to a loss of US$38.1 million in the first quarter of 2025 and a loss of US$30.6million in the same period of 2024. For further information, please refer to "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this pressrelease.

Foreign currency translation adjustment, netof nil tax, in the second quarter of 2025 was a gain of US$1.4 million, compared with a loss of US$1.1 million in the first quarterof 2025 and a loss of US$4.0 million in the same period of 2024, respectively.

Basic and diluted net loss per American depositaryshare (“ADS”) in the second quarter of 2025 were US$0.03. In comparison, basic and diluted net loss per ADS in the firstquarter of 2025 were US$0.27, while basic and diluted net loss per ADS in the same period of 2024 were US$0.15. Each ADS represents 15of the Company's Class A ordinary shares.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company held Cryptocurrencyassets with a fair value of US$61.8 million and Cryptocurrency receivable with an aggregate fair valueof US$107.6 million. Cryptocurrency assets primarily consist of 483.1 bitcoins owned by the Company and 84.1 bitcoins receivedas customer deposits. Cryptocurrency receivable consists of 900 bitcoins pledged for secured term loans and 100.3 bitcoins transferredto a fixed-term product. The classification of cryptocurrency receivable between current and non-current assets is consistentwith the corresponding secured term loans. As of June 30, 2025, the Company held a total of 1,567.5 bitcoins.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cashof US$65.9 million, compared to US$96.5 million as of December 31, 2024.

Accounts receivable, net as of June 30,2025 were US$3.9 million, compared to US$1.5 million as of December 31, 2024. Accounts receivable were mainly due to an installmentpolicy implemented for some major customers who meet certain conditions.

ADSs Outstanding

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had a totalof 483,085,370 ADSs outstanding, each representing 15 of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares.

Recent Developments

Strategic Realignment to Focus on Core CryptoBusinesses

On June 23, 2025, the Company announced thatit had commenced a strategic realignment to sharpen its focus on its core businesses of bitcoin mining machine sales, self-miningoperations, and consumer mining products.

As part of this initiative, the Company will discontinueits non-core AI semiconductor business unit, which was described in the annual report for the year ended December 31, 2024, as “ASICs for edge computing applications.” The process is expected to be completed in the next few months.

Share Purchases by Chief Executive Officerand Chief Financial Officer

On June 9, 2025, the Company announced thatits chairman and chief executive officer, Nangeng Zhang, and its chief financial officer, James Jin Cheng, had purchased additional ADSsin the open market. Such transactions complied with the Company's internal trading policy and relevant laws and regulations.

Mr. Zhang and Mr. Cheng togetheracquired an aggregate of 817,268 ADSs at an average price of US$0.76 per ADS. These purchases demonstrate their continued confidence inthe Company's long-term prospects.

The Share Repurchase Program up to US$30Million

On May 27, 2025, the Company has announcedthat its board of directors  (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program (“Share Repurchase Program”)under which the Company may repurchase up to US$30 million worth of its outstanding ADSs, and/or Class A ordinary shares, overthe next six months starting from May 27, 2025.

Under the share repurchase program, the Companymay repurchase the ADSs representing its Class A ordinary shares through open market transactions at prevailing market prices, privatelynegotiated transactions, block trades or any combination thereof. In addition, Canaan will effect repurchase transactions in compliancewith the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and its insider trading policy. The number of ADSs repurchased and the timing ofrepurchases will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, price, trading volume and general market conditions, alongwith Canaan’s working capital requirements and general business conditions. The Company's Board and/or its management will reviewthe share repurchase program periodically and may authorize an adjustment of its terms and size as appropriate. The Company plans to fundthe repurchases with its existing cash balance.

As of August 14, 2025, the Company had cumulativelyrepurchased 3,647,453 ADSs for US$2.4 million under this Share Repurchase Program.

Completion of Conversion of the PreviouslyAnnounced Series A-1 Preferred Shares

On March 6, 2025, the Company enteredinto a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor (the "Buyer"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issueand sell to the Buyer up to 200,000 Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Shares (the "Series A-1 Preferred Shares"). On March 10,2025, the Company closed the first tranche of the Series A-1 Preferred Shares financing (the "First Tranche Preferred SharesClosing") with the issuance of 100,000 Series A-1 Preferred Shares and the net proceeds of US$99.7 million.

Effective April 30, 2025, due to unforeseenmarket conditions, the Company and the Buyer have mutually agreed to terminate the agreement with respect to the second tranche of US$100million.

By the end of July 2025, the Buyer has fully converted all thefirst tranche of the Series A-1 Preferred Shares into ADSs and has completed the sale of these ADSs through open market transactions.

The At-the-Market ("ATM") Offering

The Company did not utilize the ATM facility inthe second quarter of 2025.

Business Outlook

For the third quarter of 2025, the Company expectstotal revenues to be in the range of US$125 million to US$145 million, reflecting the near-term market conditions and evolving customerdynamics, which are subject to change.

The Company will continue to closely monitor theglobal policy environment and market developments, and may revise or update its outlook as appropriate, based on future clarity and businessvisibility.

Conference Call Information

The Company’s management team will holda conference call at 8:00 A.M. U.S. Eastern Time on August 14, 2025 (or 8:00 P.M. Singapore Time on the same day) to discussthe financial results. Details for the conference call are as follows:

All participants must use the link provided aboveto complete the online registration process in advance of the conference call. Upon registering, each participant will receive a set ofparticipant dial-in numbers and a unique access PIN, which can be used to join the conference call.

A live and archived webcast of the conferencecall will be available at the Company’s investor relations website at investor.canaan-creative.com.

About Canaan Inc.

Established in 2013, Canaan Inc. (NASDAQ: CAN),is a technology company focusing on ASIC high-performance computing chip design, chip research and development, computing equipment production,and software services. Canaan has extensive experience in chip design and streamlined production in the ASIC field. In 2013, Canaan'sfounding team shipped to its customers the world's first batch of mining machines incorporating ASIC technology in bitcoin's history underthe brand name Avalon. In 2019, Canaan completed its initial public offering on the Nasdaq Global Market. To learn more about Canaan,please visit https://www.canaan.io/.

Safe Harbor Statement

This press release contains forward-looking statements.These statements are made under the "safe harbor" provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Actof 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates" and similar statements. Amongother things, the business outlook and quotations from management in this announcement, as well as Canaan Inc.'s strategic andoperational plans, contain forward-looking statements. Canaan Inc. may also make written or oral forward-looking statementsin its periodic reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on Forms 20-F and 6-K, in its annualreport to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by its officers, directors or employeesto third parties. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about Canaan Inc.'s beliefs and expectations,such as expectations with regard to revenue or mining hash rate deployment, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statementsinvolve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained inany forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: the Company's goals and strategies; the Company's future businessdevelopment, the ability of the Company to execute against its goals, financial condition and results of operations; the expected growthof the bitcoin industry and the price of bitcoin; the Company's expectations regarding demand for and market acceptanceof its products, especially its bitcoin mining machines; the Company's expectations regarding maintaining and strengtheningits relationships with production partners and customers; the Company's investment plans and strategies, fluctuations in the Company'squarterly operating results; competition in its industry; changing macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions, including evolving internationaltrade policies and the implementation of increased tariffs, import restrictions, and retaliatory trade actions; and relevant governmentpolicies and regulations relating to the Company and cryptocurrency. Further information regarding these and other risks is includedin the Company's filings with the SEC. All information provided in this press release and in the attachments is as of the date ofthis press release, and Canaan Inc. does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as requiredunder applicable law.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In evaluating Canaan's business, the Company usesnon-GAAP measures, such as adjusted EBITDA, as supplemental measures to review and assess its operating performance. The Company definesadjusted EBITDA as net loss excluding income tax (benefit) expenses, interest income, interest expense, depreciation and amortizationexpenses, share-based compensation expenses, impairment on property, equipment and software, change in fair value of financial instrumentsother than derivatives and excess of fair value of convertible preferred shares. The Company believes that the non-GAAP financial measuresprovide useful information about the Company's results of operations, enhance the overall understanding of the Company's past performanceand future prospects and allow for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by the Company's management in its financial andoperational decision-making.

The non-GAAP financial measures are not definedunder U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical toolsand investors should not consider them in isolation, or as a substitute for net loss, cash flows provided by operating activities or otherconsolidated statements of operations and cash flows data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. One of the key limitations of using adjustedEBITDA is that it does not reflect all of the items of income and expense that affect the Company's operations. Further, the non-GAAPfinancial measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparabilitymay be limited. The Company mitigates these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAPperformance measures, all of which should be considered when evaluating the Company's performance.

Investor Relations Contact

Canaan Inc.
Xi Zhang
Email: IR@canaan-creative.com

ICR, LLC.
Robin Yang
Tel: +1 (347) 396-3281
Email: canaan.ir@icrinc.com

CANAAN INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(all amounts in thousands, except share andper share data, or as otherwise noted)

CANAAN INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSOF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(all amounts in thousands of USD, except shareand per share data, or as otherwise noted)

The table below sets forth a reconciliation ofnet loss to non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA for the period indicated: